Batirin gubar-acid & Batirin Lithium
1. Batirin gubar-acid
1.1 Menene Batura-Acid?
● Batirin gubar-acid baturi ne na ajiya wanda aka fi yin na'urorin lantarki da shijagorakuma taoxides, kuma wanda electrolyte nesulfuric acid bayani.
● Ƙa'idar ƙarfin lantarki na baturin gubar-acid-cell guda ɗaya shine2.0V, wanda za'a iya fitarwa zuwa 1.5V kuma a caje shi zuwa 2.4V.
● A aikace-aikace,6 guda-cellAna haɗa batir ɗin gubar-acid sau da yawa a jere don samar da ƙima12Vgubar-acid baturi.
1.2 Tsarin Batirin gubar-Acid
● A cikin yanayin fitar da batirin gubar-acid, babban abin da ke cikin ingantaccen electrode shine gubar dioxide, kuma abin da ke gudana a halin yanzu yana gudana daga tabbataccen lantarki zuwa na'urar da ba ta dace ba, kuma babban abin da ke haifar da mummunan electrode shine gubar.
● A cikin yanayin cajin baturan gubar-acid, manyan abubuwan da ke cikin ingantattun lantarki da na lantarki sune gubar sulfate, kuma halin yanzu yana gudana daga ingantacciyar wutar lantarki zuwa wutar lantarki mara kyau.
●Batura Graphene: graphene conductive Additivesana kara su zuwa kayan lantarki masu inganci da korau,graphene hadawa lantarki kayanana kara su zuwa tabbataccen lantarki, dagraphene aikin yaduddukasuna ƙara zuwa yadudduka conductive.
1.3 Menene bayanan da ke kan takardar shaidar ke wakilta?
●6-DZF-20:6 yana nufin akwai6 grid, kowane grid yana da ƙarfin lantarki na2V, kuma ƙarfin lantarki da aka haɗa a cikin jerin shine 12V, kuma 20 yana nufin baturi yana da ƙarfin20AH.
● D (lantarki), Z (taimakon wutar lantarki), F (batir mai kula da bawul).
●DZM:D (lantarki), Z (abin hawa mai ƙarfi), M (batir ɗin da ba shi da kariya).
●EVF:EV (abin hawa na baturi), F (batir mara amfani da bawul).
1.4 Bambanci tsakanin bawul sarrafawa da shãfe haske
●Batir mai kula da bawul:babu buƙatar ƙara ruwa ko acid don kulawa, batir ɗin kansa tsari ne da aka rufe,ba tare da ɓarke acid ko hazo ba, tare da aminci ta hanya ɗayashaye shaye, Lokacin da iskar gas na ciki ya wuce wani ƙima, buɗaɗɗen shaye-shaye yana buɗewa ta atomatik don shayar da iskar gas
●Batirin gubar-acid ɗin da ba shi da kariya:duk baturi necikakken rufe (Redox reaction na baturin yana yaduwa a cikin rufaffiyar harsashi), don haka baturin da ba shi da kulawa ba shi da "mummunan iskar gas".
2. Batirin Lithium
2.1 Menene Batirin Lithium?
● Batir lithium nau'in baturi ne da ke amfani da shikarfe lithium or lithium alloya matsayin kayan lantarki masu inganci/mara kyau kuma yana amfani da mafita marasa ruwa.(Lithium salts da Organic kaushi)
2.2 Rarraba Batirin Lithium
●Ana iya raba batir lithium kusan kashi biyu: batirin karfe na lithium da baturan lithium ion.Batirin lithium ion sun fi ƙarfin baturan ƙarfe na lithium dangane da aminci, ƙayyadaddun iya aiki, ƙimar fitar da kai da ƙimar ƙimar aiki.
● Saboda manyan buƙatunsa na fasaha, kamfanoni ne kawai a cikin ƴan ƙasashe ke samar da irin wannan nau'in batirin ƙarfe na lithium.
2.3 Batirin Lithium ion
Ingantattun Abubuwan Electrode | Wutar Wutar Lantarki | Yawan Makamashi | Zagayowar Rayuwa | Farashin | Tsaro | Lokacin Zagayowar | Yanayin Aiki na al'ada |
Lithium Cobalt Oxide (LCO) | 3.7V | Matsakaici | Ƙananan | Babban | Ƙananan | ≥500 300-500 | Lithium iron phosphate: -20 ℃ ~ 65 ℃ Ternary lithium: -20 ℃ ~ 45 ℃Batirin lithium na ternary sun fi ƙarfin lithium baƙin ƙarfe phosphate a ƙananan zafin jiki, amma ba su da juriya ga yanayin zafi kamar lithium iron phosphate.Koyaya, wannan ya dogara da takamaiman yanayin kowace masana'antar baturi. |
Lithium Manganese Oxide (LMO) | 3.6V | Ƙananan | Matsakaici | Ƙananan | Matsakaici | ≥500 800-1000 | |
Lithium Nickel Oxide (LNO) | 3.6V | Babban | Ƙananan | Babban | Ƙananan | Babu bayanai | |
Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) | 3.2V | Matsakaici | Babban | Ƙananan | Babban | 1200-1500 | |
Nickel Cobalt Aluminum (NCA) | 3.6V | Babban | Matsakaici | Matsakaici | Ƙananan | ≥500 800-1200 | |
Nickel Cobalt Manganese (NCM) | 3.6V | Babban | Babban | Matsakaici | Ƙananan | ≥ 1000 800-1200 |
●Kayayyakin lantarki mara kyau:Ana amfani da graphite galibi.Bugu da kari, ana iya amfani da karfen lithium, gami da lithium, silicon-carbon negative electrode, oxide negative electrode kayan, da sauransu.
● Ta kwatanta, lithium iron phosphate shine mafi kyawun kayan lantarki mai inganci.
2.4 Rarraba siffar batirin lithium-ion
Silindrical lithium-ion baturi
Prismatic Li-ion Baturi
Button lithium ion baturi
Batirin lithium-ion mai siffar musamman
Soft fakitin baturi
● Siffofin gama gari da ake amfani da su don batir abin hawa na lantarki:cylindrical da taushi-fakitin
● Batir lithium na Silindrical:
● Fa'idodi: fasaha balagagge, ƙananan farashi, ƙananan makamashi guda ɗaya, mai sauƙin sarrafawa, kyakkyawan zafi mai zafi
● Rashin lahani:adadi mai yawa na fakitin baturi, in mun gwada da nauyi mai nauyi, ƙarancin ƙarfin kuzari kaɗan
● Batir lithium mai taushi:
● Fa'idodi: Hanyar masana'anta da aka ƙirƙira, mafi ƙaranci, mai sauƙi, mafi girman ƙarfin ƙarfi, ƙarin bambancin lokacin ƙirƙirar fakitin baturi
● Rashin lahani:rashin kyawun aikin fakitin baturi (daidaituwa), baya juriya ga yanayin zafi, ba sauƙin daidaitawa, tsada mai tsada
Wanne siffar ya fi kyau ga baturan lithium?A gaskiya ma, babu cikakkiyar amsa, ya dogara ne akan buƙata
● Idan kuna son ƙarancin farashi da kyakkyawan aikin gabaɗaya: batirin lithium na siliki > baturin lithium mai taushi
● Idan kana son ƙarami, haske, ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfi: fakitin lithium baturi mai laushi > baturin lithium na silinda
2.5 Tsarin Batir Lithium
● 18650: 18mm yana nuna diamita na baturin, 65mm yana nuna tsayin baturin, 0 yana nuna siffar cylindrical, da sauransu
● Lissafi na 12v20ah baturi lithium: ɗauka cewa ƙarfin lantarki na baturi 18650 shine 3.7V (4.2v lokacin da aka cika cikakke) kuma ƙarfin shine 2000ah (2ah)
● Don samun 12v, kuna buƙatar batura 3 18650 (12/3.7≈3)
● Don samun 20ah, 20/2=10, kuna buƙatar ƙungiyoyin batura 10, kowannensu yana da 3 12V.
● 3 a cikin jerin shine 12V, 10 a layi daya shine 20ah, wato, 12v20ah (ana buƙatar jimlar 30 18650 sel)
● Lokacin fitarwa, halin yanzu yana gudana daga mummunan lantarki zuwa ingantaccen lantarki
● Lokacin caji, halin yanzu yana gudana daga tabbataccen lantarki zuwa na'urar lantarki mara kyau
3. Kwatanta Tsakanin Batirin Lithium, Baturin gubar-Acid da Batirin Graphene
Kwatanta | Baturin lithium | Baturin gubar-acid | Batirin Graphene |
Farashin | Babban | Ƙananan | Matsakaici |
Safety factor | Ƙananan | Babban | Dangantaka mai girma |
Girma da nauyi | Ƙananan girman, nauyi mai sauƙi | Babban girma da nauyi mai nauyi | Babban girma, nauyi fiye da baturin gubar-acid |
Rayuwar baturi | Babban | Na al'ada | Ya fi batirin gubar-acid, ƙasa da baturin lithium |
Tsawon rayuwa | shekaru 4 (lithium na uku: 800-1200 sau lithium baƙin ƙarfe phosphate: 1200-1500 sau) | shekaru 3 (3-500 sau) | shekaru 3 (> sau 500) |
Abun iya ɗauka | Mai sassauƙa da sauƙin ɗauka | Ba za a iya caji ba | Ba za a iya caji ba |
Gyara | Mara gyara | Mai gyarawa | Mai gyarawa |
Babu cikakkiyar amsa ga wacce baturi ya fi dacewa da motocin lantarki.Ya dogara ne akan buƙatar batura.
● Dangane da rayuwar baturi da rayuwa: baturin lithium > graphene > gubar acid.
● Dangane da yanayin farashi da aminci: gubar acid > graphene > baturin lithium.
● Dangane da ɗaukar nauyi: baturin lithium> gubar acid = graphene.
4. Takaddun shaida masu alaƙa da baturi
● Batirin gubar-acid: Idan baturin gubar-acid ya wuce girgiza, bambancin matsa lamba, da gwajin zafin jiki na 55°C, ana iya keɓe shi daga jigilar kaya na yau da kullun.Idan bai wuce gwaje-gwaje guda uku ba, ana rarraba shi azaman nau'in kayayyaki masu haɗari 8 ( abubuwa masu lalata )
● Takaddun shaida na gama gari sun haɗa da:
●Takaddun shaida don Amintaccen jigilar kayayyaki na Chemical(shirfi na iska / teku);
●MSDS(KASHIN TSIRA DA TSIRA);
● Baturin lithium: an rarraba shi azaman fitarwar kaya masu haɗari na Class 9
● Takaddun shaida gama gari sun haɗa da: batirin lithium yawanci UN38.3, UN3480, UN3481 da UN3171, takaddun fakitin kaya masu haɗari, rahoton kimanta yanayin sufurin kaya.
●UN38.3rahoton duba lafiya
●UN3480baturin lithium-ion
●UN3481batirin lithium-ion da aka sanya a cikin kayan aiki ko baturin lantarki na lithium da kayan aikin da aka haɗa tare (majalisar kayayyaki masu haɗari iri ɗaya)
●UN3171abin hawa mai amfani da baturi ko kayan aikin baturi (batir da aka sanya a cikin mota, ma'ajin kayan haɗari iri ɗaya)
5. Abubuwan Baturi
● Ana amfani da batir-acid-acid na dogon lokaci, kuma haɗin gwiwar karfen da ke cikin baturin yana da wuyar karyewa, yana haifar da gajeriyar kewayawa da konewa da sauri.Batura lithium sun wuce rayuwar sabis, kuma ainihin baturi yana tsufa kuma yana yoyo, wanda zai iya haifar da gajeriyar kewayawa da yanayin zafi cikin sauƙi.
Batirin gubar-acid
Batirin Lithium
● Gyara mara izini: Masu amfani suna gyara da'irar baturi ba tare da izini ba, wanda ke shafar aikin aminci na da'irar lantarki na abin hawa.Gyaran da bai dace ba yana haifar da da'irar abin hawa don yin lodi fiye da kima, yin lodi, zafi, da gajeriyar kewayawa.
Batirin gubar-acid
Batirin Lithium
● Rashin caja.Idan caja ya daɗe a cikin motar kuma yana girgiza, yana da sauƙi don sa capacitors da resistors a cikin cajar, wanda zai iya haifar da cajin baturi cikin sauƙi.Ɗaukar caja mara kyau kuma na iya haifar da caji fiye da kima.
● Kekunan lantarki suna fuskantar rana.A lokacin rani, zafin jiki yana da yawa kuma bai dace ba a yi kiliya keken lantarki a waje da rana.Zazzabi a cikin baturin zai ci gaba da hauhawa.Idan ka yi cajin baturin nan da nan bayan dawowa gida daga tashi daga aiki, zafin jiki na cikin baturin zai ci gaba da hauhawa.Lokacin da ya kai matsananciyar zafin jiki, yana da sauƙi don kunna wuta nan da nan.
● Ana jiƙa babura cikin sauƙi cikin ruwa yayin ruwan sama mai ƙarfi.Ba za a iya amfani da batirin lithium ba bayan an jika cikin ruwa.Ana buƙatar gyara motocin lantarki na batirin gubar-acid a cikin shagon gyara bayan an jiƙa da ruwa.
6. Kulawa da Amfani da Batura na yau da kullun da sauran su
● Ka guji yin caji da yawa da yawan fitar da baturi
Yawan caji:Gabaɗaya, ana amfani da tulin caji don yin caji a China.Lokacin da cikakken caji, za a cire haɗin wutar lantarki ta atomatik.Lokacin caji tare da caja, wutar za ta katse ta atomatik lokacin da aka cika cikakke.Baya ga caja na yau da kullun ba tare da cikakken aikin kashe wutar lantarki ba, lokacin da aka cika caji, za su ci gaba da yin caji tare da ƙaramin ruwa, wanda zai shafi rayuwa na dogon lokaci;
Fiye da fitarwa:Ana ba da shawarar gabaɗaya don cajin baturin lokacin da ya rage 20% wuta.Yin caji tare da ƙaramin ƙarfi na dogon lokaci zai haifar da ƙarancin ƙarfin baturi, kuma ƙila ba za a caje shi ba.Yana buƙatar sake kunnawa, kuma ƙila ba za a kunna shi ba.
● Ka guji amfani da shi a cikin yanayi mai girma da ƙarancin zafi.Babban zafin jiki zai ƙarfafa halayen sinadaran kuma ya haifar da zafi mai yawa.Lokacin da zafi ya kai wani ƙima mai mahimmanci, zai sa baturin ya ƙone kuma ya fashe.
● Ka guji yin caji da sauri, wanda zai haifar da canje-canje a cikin tsarin ciki da rashin kwanciyar hankali.A lokaci guda, baturin zai yi zafi kuma ya shafi rayuwar baturi.Dangane da halayen batir lithium daban-daban, don batirin lithium manganese oxide na 20A, ta amfani da caja 5A da caja 4A ƙarƙashin yanayin amfani iri ɗaya, yin amfani da cajar 5A zai rage sake zagayowar da kusan sau 100.
●Idan ba a yi amfani da motar lantarki na dogon lokaci ba, gwada cajin ta sau ɗaya a mako ko kowane lokaci Kwanaki 15.Batirin gubar-acid da kansa zai cinye kusan 0.5% na ƙarfinsa kowace rana.Zai cinye sauri lokacin da aka sanya shi akan sabuwar mota.
Hakanan batirin lithium zai cinye wuta.Idan ba a yi cajin baturi na dogon lokaci ba, zai kasance a cikin yanayin asarar wutar lantarki kuma baturin ba zai yuwu ba.
Sabon baturi wanda ba'a cire shi ba yana buƙatar caji sau ɗaya fiye da hakaKwanaki 100.
●Idan an yi amfani da baturi na dogon lokacilokaci kuma yana da ƙarancin aiki, ana iya ƙara baturin gubar-acid tare da electrolyte ko ruwa ta kwararru don ci gaba da amfani da su na wani lokaci, amma a cikin yanayi na al'ada, ana bada shawara don maye gurbin sabon baturi kai tsaye.Baturin lithium yana da ƙarancin aiki kuma ba za'a iya gyara shi ba.Ana ba da shawarar maye gurbin sabon baturi kai tsaye.
●Matsalar caji: Dole ne caja yayi amfani da samfurin da ya dace.60V ba zai iya cajin baturi 48V ba, 60V gubar-acid ba zai iya cajin baturan lithium 60V ba, kumaBa za a iya amfani da caja-acid da cajar baturin lithium ba.
Idan lokacin caji ya fi tsayi fiye da yadda aka saba, ana ba da shawarar cire kebul ɗin caji kuma dakatar da caji.Kula da ko baturin ya lalace ko ya lalace.
●Rayuwar baturi = ƙarfin lantarki × baturi ampere × gudun ÷ ikon motsa jiki Wannan dabarar ba ta dace da kowane ƙira ba, musamman ƙirar motoci masu ƙarfi.Haɗe da bayanan amfani da yawancin mata masu amfani, hanyar ita ce kamar haka:
48V lithium baturi, 1A = 2.5km, 60V lithium baturi, 1A = 3km, 72V lithium baturi, 1A = 3.5km, gubar-acid kusan 10% kasa da lithium baturi.
48V baturi na iya gudu kilomita 2.5 a kowace ampere (48V20A 20×2.5=50km)
60V baturi na iya gudu kilomita 3 a kowace ampere (60V20A 20×3=60km)
72V baturi na iya gudu kilomita 3.5 a kowace ampere (72V20A 20×3.5=70km)
●Ƙarfin baturi/A na caja daidai yake da lokacin caji, Lokacin caji = ƙarfin baturi / caja Lamba, misali 20A/4A = 5 hours, amma saboda aikin cajin zai kasance a hankali bayan caji zuwa 80% (pulse zai rage halin yanzu), don haka yawanci ana rubuta shi azaman 5-6. hours ko 6-7 hours (don inshora)